refactor: use custom exception for error handling

[Lee-W]

the error code used is embedded into these exceptions

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Types of changes

Please put an x in the box that applies

• Refactoring
• Documentation Update

Description

• use custom exception for error handling
• do not show traceback if the raised exception is CommitizenException
• introduce DryRunExit, ExpectedExit, NoCommandFoundError, InvalidCommandArgumentError (Remove all the SystemExit)
• remove unused NO_COMMIT_MSG error code

TODO

• Handle print message
• Add documentation about how to use error code
• Group CommitizenException (e.g. git group, command line group and etc.)

Checklist:

• Add test cases to all the changes you introduce
• Run ./script/lint and ./script/test locally to ensure this change passes linter check and test
• Test the changes on the local machine manually
• Update the documentation for the changes

Steps to Test This Pull Request

Try to execute the commands that will raise exceptions. e.g., cz bump --dry-run

Expected behavior

No behavior should change after this change

Related Issue

#128

Additional context

Add any other context or screenshots about the pull request here.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #201 into master will increase coverage by 3.49%.
The diff coverage is 92.59%.

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master     #201      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   92.14%   95.64%   +3.49%     
==========================================
  Files          35       34       -1     
  Lines         968      942      -26     
==========================================
+ Hits          892      901       +9     
+ Misses         76       41      -35     

Flag	Coverage Δ
#unittests	95.64% <92.59%> (+3.49%)	⬆️

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
commitizen/commands/changelog.py	97.22% <83.33%> (+5.33%)	⬆️
commitizen/commands/bump.py	91.46% <87.50%> (+2.95%)	⬆️
commitizen/cli.py	93.33% <88.88%> (+2.15%)	⬆️
commitizen/commands/check.py	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
commitizen/commands/commit.py	96.49% <100.00%> (+3.15%)	⬆️
commitizen/commands/init.py	88.88% <100.00%> (+14.64%)	⬆️
commitizen/config/__init__.py	97.67% <100.00%> (+15.85%)	⬆️
commitizen/cz/customize/customize.py	93.33% <100.00%> (+8.55%)	⬆️
commitizen/factory.py	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
commitizen/cz/base.py	100.00% <0.00%> (+3.22%)	⬆️
... and 4 more

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[Lee-W]

@woile I've finished the major part of this refactoring. Could you please take a look at it? 🙂 I'm still working on the error message part. I'll also add documentation for these error codes.

[Lee-W]

@woile This pr is finally ready for reviewing 🎉