feat: Added MD5 hashing algorithm

[ManpreetXSingh]

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Describe your change:

• Add an algorithm?
• Fix a bug or typo in an existing algorithm?
• Documentation change?

Checklist:

• I have read CONTRIBUTING.md.
• This pull request is all my own work -- I have not plagiarized.
• I know that pull requests will not be merged if they fail the automated tests.
• This PR only changes one algorithm file. To ease review, please open separate PRs for separate algorithms.
• All new JavaScript files are placed inside an existing directory.
• All filenames should use the UpperCamelCase (PascalCase) style. There should be no spaces in filenames.
  Example:UserProfile.js is allowed but userprofile.js,Userprofile.js,user-Profile.js,userProfile.js are not
• All new algorithms have a URL in their comments that points to Wikipedia or another similar explanation.
• If this pull request resolves one or more open issues then the commit message contains Fixes: #{$ISSUE_NO}.

[appgurueu]

The code is pretty messy because it juggles various representations of bytes that aren't really suitable (strings of bits encoded as ASCII 0 / 1 etc.)
It should be changed to just use Uint8Array wherever byte arrays are needed, and simply numbers wherever 4 byte "words" are needed. The string representations (and the code for dealing with them) should be gotten rid of entirely.

Also needs tests.

[ManpreetXSingh]

Hi @appgurueu,
Thanks for the feedback!
Actually I'm quite new to the js world. I looked at the SHA implementations in the nearby files and assumed that it's the right way to do it. I'll try my best to fix the issues and make the code cleaner.

[appgurueu]

[...] I looked at the SHA implementations in the nearby files and assumed that it's the right way to do it. [...]

Ah, sorry about that. We have much legacy code lying around that needs to be refactored and definitely isn't a good example. We should make it more clear in the contribution guidelines that much of the legacy codebase shouldn't be taken as a good example.

[ManpreetXSingh]

Hi @appgurueu,
I believe I have implemented all of the requested changes. Please let me know if any additional adjustments are needed.

[appgurueu]

Adding the hacktoberfest-accepted label in case we don't get this merged before October ends; the PR is almost there!

[ManpreetXSingh]

Thanks! 😊

[appgurueu]

Thank you for your contribution!