Merge branch 'master' into revert-22-patch-1

Author: harshildarji

.gitignore

@@ -88,3 +88,4 @@ ENV/
 # Rope project settings
 .ropeproject
 .idea
+.DS_Store

.travis.yml

@@ -1,11 +1,26 @@
 language: python
+cache: pip
 python:
-  - "3.2"
-  - "3.3"
-  - "3.4"
-  - "3.5"
-install: 
-  - if [ "$TRAVIS_PYTHON_VERSION" == "3.2" ]; then travis_retry pip install coverage==3.7.1; fi
-  - if [ "$TRAVIS_PYTHON_VERSION" != "3.2" ]; then travis_retry pip install coverage; fi
-  - "pip install pytest pytest-cov"
-script: py.test --doctest-modules --cov ./
+    - 2.7
+    - 3.6
+    #- nightly
+    #- pypy
+    #- pypy3
+matrix:
+    allow_failures:
+        - python: nightly
+        - python: pypy
+        - python: pypy3
+install:
+    #- pip install -r requirements.txt
+    - pip install flake8  # pytest  # add another testing frameworks later
+before_script:
+    # stop the build if there are Python syntax errors or undefined names
+    - flake8 . --count --select=E901,E999,F821,F822,F823 --show-source --statistics
+    # exit-zero treats all errors as warnings.  The GitHub editor is 127 chars wide
+    - flake8 . --count --exit-zero --max-complexity=10 --max-line-length=127 --statistics
+script:
+    - true  # pytest --capture=sys  # add other tests here
+notifications:
+    on_success: change
+    on_failure: change  # `always` will be the setting once code changes slow down

Bisection.py

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+import math
+
+
+def bisection(function, a, b):  # finds where the function becomes 0 in [a,b] using bolzano
+
+    start = a
+    end = b
+    if function(a) == 0:  # one of the a or b is a root for the function
+        return a
+    elif function(b) == 0:
+        return b
+    elif function(a) * function(b) > 0:  # if none of these are root and they are both positive or negative,
+        # then his algorithm can't find the root
+        print("couldn't find root in [a,b]")
+        return
+    else:
+        mid = (start + end) / 2
+        while abs(start - mid) > 0.0000001:  # until we achieve precise equals to 10^-7
+            if function(mid) == 0:
+                return mid
+            elif function(mid) * function(start) < 0:
+                end = mid
+            else:
+                start = mid
+            mid = (start + end) / 2
+        return mid
+
+
+def f(x):
+    return math.pow(x, 3) - 2*x - 5
+
+
+print(bisection(f, 1, 1000))

File_Transfer_Protocol/ftp_client_server.py

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+# server
+
+import socket                   # Import socket module
+
+port = 60000                    # Reserve a port for your service.
+s = socket.socket()             # Create a socket object
+host = socket.gethostname()     # Get local machine name
+s.bind((host, port))            # Bind to the port
+s.listen(5)                     # Now wait for client connection.
+
+print 'Server listening....'
+
+while True:
+    conn, addr = s.accept()     # Establish connection with client.
+    print 'Got connection from', addr
+    data = conn.recv(1024)
+    print('Server received', repr(data))
+
+    filename='mytext.txt'
+    f = open(filename,'rb')
+    l = f.read(1024)
+    while (l):
+       conn.send(l)
+       print('Sent ',repr(l))
+       l = f.read(1024)
+    f.close()
+
+    print('Done sending')
+    conn.send('Thank you for connecting')
+    conn.close()
+
+
+# client side server
+
+import socket                   # Import socket module
+
+s = socket.socket()             # Create a socket object
+host = socket.gethostname()     # Get local machine name
+port = 60000                    # Reserve a port for your service.
+
+s.connect((host, port))
+s.send("Hello server!")
+
+with open('received_file', 'wb') as f:
+    print 'file opened'
+    while True:
+        print('receiving data...')
+        data = s.recv(1024)
+        print('data=%s', (data))
+        if not data:
+            break
+        # write data to a file
+        f.write(data)
+
+f.close()
+print('Successfully get the file')
+s.close()
+print('connection closed')

File_Transfer_Protocol/ftp_send_receive.py

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+"""
+	File transfer protocol used to send and receive files using FTP server.
+	Use credentials to provide access to the FTP client
+
+	Note: Do not use root username & password for security reasons
+	  Create a seperate user and provide access to a home directory of the user
+	  Use login id and password of the user created 
+	  cwd here stands for current working directory
+"""
+
+from ftplib import FTP
+ftp = FTP('xxx.xxx.x.x')  # Enter the ip address or the domain name here
+ftp.login(user='username', passwd='password')
+ftp.cwd('/Enter the directory here/')
+
+"""
+	The file which will be received via the FTP server
+	Enter the location of the file where the file is received
+"""
+
+def ReceiveFile():
+	FileName = 'example.txt'   """ Enter the location of the file """
+	LocalFile = open(FileName, 'wb')
+	ftp.retrbinary('RETR ' + FileName, LocalFile.write, 1024)
+	ftp.quit()
+	LocalFile.close()
+
+"""
+	The file which will be sent via the FTP server
+	The file send will be send to the current working directory
+"""
+
+def SendFile():
+	FileName = 'example.txt'   """ Enter the name of the file """
+	ftp.storbinary('STOR ' + FileName, open(FileName, 'rb'))
+	ftp.quit()

Graphs/a_star.py

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+from __future__ import print_function
+
+grid = [[0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0],
+        [0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0],#0 are free path whereas 1's are obstacles
+        [0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0],
+        [0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0],
+        [0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0]]
+
+'''
+heuristic = [[9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4],
+             [8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3],
+             [7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2],
+             [6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1],
+             [5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0]]'''
+
+init = [0, 0]
+goal = [len(grid)-1, len(grid[0])-1] #all coordinates are given in format [y,x] 
+cost = 1
+
+#the cost map which pushes the path closer to the goal
+heuristic = [[0 for row in range(len(grid[0]))] for col in range(len(grid))]
+for i in range(len(grid)):    
+    for j in range(len(grid[0])):            
+        heuristic[i][j] = abs(i - goal[0]) + abs(j - goal[1])
+        if grid[i][j] == 1:
+            heuristic[i][j] = 99 #added extra penalty in the heuristic map
+
+
+#the actions we can take
+delta = [[-1, 0 ], # go up
+         [ 0, -1], # go left
+         [ 1, 0 ], # go down
+         [ 0, 1 ]] # go right
+
+
+#function to search the path
+def search(grid,init,goal,cost,heuristic):
+
+    closed = [[0 for col in range(len(grid[0]))] for row in range(len(grid))]# the referrence grid
+    closed[init[0]][init[1]] = 1
+    action = [[0 for col in range(len(grid[0]))] for row in range(len(grid))]#the action grid
+
+    x = init[0]
+    y = init[1]
+    g = 0
+    f = g + heuristic[init[0]][init[0]]
+    cell = [[f, g, x, y]]
+
+    found = False  # flag that is set when search is complete
+    resign = False # flag set if we can't find expand
+
+    while not found and not resign:
+        if len(cell) == 0:
+            resign = True
+            return "FAIL"
+        else:
+            cell.sort()#to choose the least costliest action so as to move closer to the goal
+            cell.reverse()
+            next = cell.pop()
+            x = next[2]
+            y = next[3]
+            g = next[1]
+            f = next[0]
+
+            
+            if x == goal[0] and y == goal[1]:
+                found = True
+            else:
+                for i in range(len(delta)):#to try out different valid actions
+                    x2 = x + delta[i][0]
+                    y2 = y + delta[i][1]
+                    if x2 >= 0 and x2 < len(grid) and y2 >=0 and y2 < len(grid[0]):
+                        if closed[x2][y2] == 0 and grid[x2][y2] == 0:
+                            g2 = g + cost
+                            f2 = g2 + heuristic[x2][y2]
+                            cell.append([f2, g2, x2, y2])
+                            closed[x2][y2] = 1
+                            action[x2][y2] = i
+    invpath = []
+    x = goal[0]
+    y = goal[1]
+    invpath.append([x, y])#we get the reverse path from here
+    while x != init[0] or y != init[1]:
+        x2 = x - delta[action[x][y]][0]
+        y2 = y - delta[action[x][y]][1]
+        x = x2
+        y = y2
+        invpath.append([x, y])
+
+    path = []
+    for i in range(len(invpath)):
+    	path.append(invpath[len(invpath) - 1 - i])
+    print("ACTION MAP")
+    for i in range(len(action)):
+        print(action[i])
+                  
+    return path
+    
+a = search(grid,init,goal,cost,heuristic)
+for i in range(len(a)):
+	print(a[i]) 
+