Avoid primary key lookup (and lock) if foreign key does not change

Avoid primary key lookup (and lock) if foreign key does not change
on UPDATE.

This get's rid of the long standing annoyance that updating a row
that has foreign keys locks all the referenced rows even if the
foreign key values do not change.

The trick is to actually do a check identical to NO ACTION after an
eventually done UPDATE in the SET DEFAULT case. Since a SET DEFAULT
operation should have moved referencing rows to a new "home", a following
NO ACTION check can only fail if the column defaults of the referencing
table resulted in the key we actually deleted. Thanks to Stephan.

Jan