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DuoSecurity-Authentication.md

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CAS - Duo Security Authentication
Multifactor Authentication

{% include variables.html %}

Duo Security Authentication

Duo Security is a two-step verification service the provides additional security for access to institutional and personal data.

Duo offers several options for authenticating users:

  • a mobile push notification and one-button verification of identity to a smartphone (requires the free Duo Mobile app)
  • a one-time code generated on a smartphone
  • a one-time code generated by Duo and sent to a handset via SMS text messaging
  • a telephone call from that will prompt you to validate the login request

{% include_cached casmodule.html group="org.apereo.cas" module="cas-server-support-duo" %}

Configuration

{% include_cached casproperties.html properties="cas.authn.mfa.duo" %}

Bypass

{% include_cached casproperties.html properties="cas.authn.mfa.duo" includes=".bypass" %}

Actuator Endpoints

The following endpoints are provided by CAS:

{% include_cached actuators.html endpoints="duoPing,duoAccountStatus,health,duoAdmin" healthIndicators="duoSecurityHealthIndicator" %}

Multiple Instances

CAS multifactor authentication support for Duo Security allows multiple Duo providers to be configured with distinct ids each of which may be connected to a separate Duo Security instance with a different configuration. This behavior allows more sensitive applications to be connected to a Duo instance that has more strict and secure authentication policies.

For this behavior to function, separate unique ids of your own choosing need to be assigned to each Duo Security provider. Each provider instance is registered with CAS and activated in the authentication flows as necessary. The provider id need not be defined if there is only a single Duo instance available.

Account Profile Management

The integration with Duo Security is able to provide user device registration information to the account profile management feature in CAS. See this guide for better details.

Health Status

CAS is able to contact Duo Security, on demand, in order to inquire the health status of the service using Duo Security's ping API. The results of the operations are recorded and reported using health endpoint provided by CAS Monitoring endpoints. Of course, the same result throughout the Duo authentication flow is also used to determine failure modes.

Universal Prompt

Universal Prompt is a variation of Duo Multifactor Authentication that uses the Duo OIDC Auth API. This is an OIDC standards-based API for adding strong two-factor authentication to CAS. This option no longer displays the Duo Prompt in an iFrame controlled and owned by CAS. Rather, the prompt is now hosted on Duo’s servers and displayed via browser redirects. The response from Duo Security is passed to CAS as a browser redirect and CAS will begin to negotiate and exchange that response in favor of a JWT that contains the multifactor authentication user profile details.

Universal Prompt no longer requires you to generate and use a application key value. Instead, it requires a client id and client secret, which are known and taught CAS using the integration key and secret key configuration settings. You will need get your integration key, secret key, and API hostname from Duo Security when you register CAS as a protected application.

Non-Browser MFA

The Duo Security module of CAS is able to also support non-browser based multifactor authentication requests. In order to trigger this behavior, applications (i.e. curl, REST APIs, etc) need to specify a special Content-Type to signal to CAS that the request is submitted from a non-web based environment. The multifactor authentication request is submitted to Duo Security in auto mode which effectively may translate into an out-of-band factor (push or phone) recommended by Duo as the best for the user's devices.

In order to successfully complete the authentication flow, CAS must also be configured with a method of primary authentication that is able to support non-web based environments such as Basic Authentication.

Here is an example using curl that attempts to authenticate into a service by first exercising basic authentication while identifying the request content type as application/cas. It is assumed that the service below is configured in CAS with a special multifactor policy that forces the flow to pass through Duo Security as well.

curl --location --header "Content-Type: application/cas" https://apps.example.org/myapp -L -u casuser:Mellon

REST Protocol Credential Extraction

In the event that the CAS REST Protocol is turned on, a special credential extractor is injected into the REST authentication engine in order to recognize credentials and authenticate them as part of the REST request. The expected parameter name in the request body is passcode that can be found from Duo Security's mobile application or received via SMS.

Passwordless Authentication

The integration with Duo Security can also act as an account store for Passwordless Authentication. This behavior needs to be explicitly turned on in CAS settings for eligible multifactor authentication providers.

Troubleshooting

To enable additional logging, configure the log4j configuration file to add the following levels:

...
<Logger name="com.duosecurity" level="debug" additivity="false">
    <AppenderRef ref="casConsole"/>
    <AppenderRef ref="casFile"/>
</Logger>
...

You should also use NTP to ensure that your CAS server's time is correct. Furthermore, CAS typically communicates with Duo's service on TCP port 443. Firewall configurations that restrict outbound access to Duo's service with rules using destination IP addresses or IP address ranges are not recommended per Duo Security, since these may change over time to maintain our service's high availability.